While NVMe-oF offers significant performance benefits, it is primarily supported on newer and higher-end NetApp ONTAP storage systems, like the AFF series. For organizations with older or hybrid storage systems, iSCSI remains a viable and cost-effective alternative that leverages existing Ethernet infrastructure and provides reliable performance for virtualization environments.<\/p>\n
In this blog post, we will delve into using iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface) in NetApp Storage with Proxmox VE.![\"NetApp](\"https:\/\/www.credativ.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Storage-Rack-2-300x169.png\")
<\/p>\n
Setup<\/h2>\nHardware and Software Used in This Example<\/h3>\n\n- NetApp Storage System<\/strong>: Provides shared storage capabilities essential for clustering in virtual environments via iSCSI. The example uses ONTAP Release 9.15.1.<\/li>\n
- Proxmox VE Cluster<\/strong>: An open source virtualization platform. The example uses the current release 8.2.<\/li>\n
- Network Infrastructure<\/strong>: Standard Ethernet network (1GbE or 10GbE).<\/li>\n
- iSCSI Initiator<\/strong>: Built into Proxmox VE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
What is iSCSI<\/h2>\n
iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface) is a network protocol that allows for the transport of block-level storage data over IP (Internet Protocol) networks. The\u00a0protocol\u00a0allows clients (called\u00a0initiators<\/i>) to send SCSI commands over TCP\/IP\u00a0to storage devices (targets<\/i>) on remote servers. It allows for the connection of storage devices over a standard network infrastructure without requiring specialized hardware and cabling.<\/p>\n
It offers a flexible, cost-effective, and scalable storage solution that integrates well with virtualization environments, providing the necessary features and performance to support modern virtualized workloads.<\/p>\n
How iSCSI Works<\/h3>\n\n- Initiator and Target<\/strong>: iSCSI communication involves two main components:\n
\n- Initiator<\/strong>: The client-side component, typically a server or host, that initiates the connection to the storage device.<\/li>\n
- Target<\/strong>: The server-side component, typically a storage array or device, that provides access to the storage resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- LUNs (Logical Unit Numbers)<\/strong>: Storage resources on the iSCSI target are presented as LUNs. The initiator accesses these LUNs as if they were local disks, allowing the operating system to format, partition, and use them just like any other block storage device.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Configuration<\/h2>\nOn NetApp Storage<\/h3>\n
The guide presumes that users have already established the foundational storage setup, including the configuration of Storage Virtual Machines (SVMs). It highlights that the administration of these systems is relatively straightforward, thanks to the intuitive web interface – ONTAP System Manager provided by NetApp storage systems. Users can expect a user-friendly experience when managing their storage solutions, as the web interface is designed to simplify complex tasks. This also includes the whole setup for iSCSI storage, which requires to enabling iSCSI<\/em>\u00a0in general on the\u00a0SVM<\/em>, setting up the SAN Initiator group<\/em> and mapping it to LUNs.<\/p>\nNote<\/strong>: All changes can of course also be performed in an automated way by orchestrating the ONTAP API.<\/em><\/p>\nEnable iSCSI target on SVM<\/h3>\n
To enable iSCSI at the SVM level on a NetApp storage system, this can typically be done by following these summarized steps, which can be accessed through the system\u2019s web interface ONTAP System Manager.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.credativ.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/01-NetApp_iSCSI_SVM-1-300x283.png\")
<\/p>\n
Navigate to the Storage<\/em> menu. Then, navigate to Storage VMs.<\/em> Specify the SVM name you wish to configure:<\/p>\n\n- Configure iSCSI Protocol<\/strong>: Within the SVM settings, look for a section or tab related to proto
\ncols. Locate the iSCSI option and enable it. This might involve checking a box or switching a toggle to the \u2018on\u2019 position.<\/li>\n- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After enabling iSCSI, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Remember to check for any prerequisites or additional configuration settings that might be required for iSCSI operation, such as network settings, licensing, or compatible hardware checks. The exact steps may vary slightly depending on the version of ONTAP or the specific NetApp model you are using. Always refer to the latest official NetApp documentation or support resources for the most accurate guidance.<\/p>\n
Create SAN initiator group<\/h3>\n
Navigate to the HOSTS<\/em> menu. Then, navigate toSAN initiator groups.<\/em> Select the specific initiator group name you wish to configure:![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.credativ.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/02-NetApp_iGroup_iSCSI_initiators-300x277.png\")
<\/p>\n\n- Configure Host initiators<\/strong>: On each Proxmox VE nodes, look up \/etc\/iscsi\/initiatorname.iscsi<\/em> file and collect the InitiatorName (iSCSI host IQN). Add the each InitiatorName as host initiators in the initiator group in ONTAP System Manager.<\/li>\n
- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After adding all the initiators, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Create LUNs with initiator group<\/h3>\n
Navigate to the Storage<\/em> menu. Then, navigate to LUNS.<\/em>\u00a0Select and specific LUN name you wish to configure: ![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.credativ.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/03-NetApp_Add_LUNs-300x300.png\")
<\/p>\n\n- Add LUNs<\/strong>: Specify the number of LUNs you want to configure. Set the Host Operating System to Linux. Select the Initiator Group created in the previous step.<\/li>\n
- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After adding LUNs, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Configuring Proxmox VE Node<\/h2>\nGeneral<\/h3>\n
After configuring the NetApp storage appliance for the creation of the iSCSI Target and LUNs, we can now configure Proxmox VE cluster to use and access the iSCSI storage. This can be easily configured by the Proxmox web interface. In general, this process consists of:<\/p>\n
\n- Connecting with the iSCSI Block Storage.<\/li>\n
- Creating an LVM (Logical Volume Manager) which is shareable across nodes on Proxmox VE, however, these instructions are likely to work on both older and newer versions, too.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The next steps in this blog post will cover the process in detail and guide you through the necessary steps on the Proxmox VE which can be done on the Proxmox web interface.<\/p>\n
Connecting With the iSCSI Block Storage<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.credativ.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/05-NetApp_proxmox_iscsi-300x197.png\")
<\/p>\n
To use this iSCSI block storage on Proxmox VE cluster, follow the steps to log in to the web frontend of the Proxmox VE cluster, and add the storage at the datacenter level:<\/p>\n
Navigate to the Storage Configuration: Go to Datacenter -> Storage -> Add -> iSCSI.<\/p>\n
Define the New iSCSI Storage Details:<\/p>\n
\n- ID: iscsi1 (this can be any text and is jut an identifier).
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.credativ.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/06-NetApp_proxmox_iscsi_add.png\")
<\/li>\n - Portal: Enter the IP address of the iSCSI-enabled SVM.<\/li>\n
- Target: This will be detected if you specify the correct IP for the iSCSI-enabled SVM.<\/li>\n
- Nodes: <Select all nodes that should use\u00a0the iSCSI storage><\/li>\n
- Enable: Yes<\/li>\n
- Use LUNs directly: No<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Create LVM on the iSCSI Block Storage<\/h4>\n
To use this LVM Volume Group over iSCSI block storage on all Proxmox VE nodes within the cluster, the Volume Group must be added and integrated at the datacenter level. Follow these steps to configure it through the Proxmox VE web interface:![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.credativ.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/07-NetApp_proxmox_LVM-300x198.png\")
<\/p>\n
Navigate to the Storage Configuration: Go to Datacenter -> Storage -> Add -> LVM.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Define the New LVM Storage Details:<\/p>\n
\n- ID: shared_iscsi1 (this can be any text and is just an identifier)
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.credativ.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/04-NetApp_proxmox_iscsi_add_lvm_details.png\")
<\/li>\n - Base storage: Existing volume groups<\/li>\n
- Volume group: shared_iscsi1<\/li>\n
- Content: Disk image, Container<\/li>\n
- Nodes: <Select all nodes that should use it><\/li>\n
- Enables: Yes<\/li>\n
- Shared: Yes<\/li>\n
- Wipe Removed Volumes: No<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Press Add<\/strong> to attach the new volume to the selected nodes. The LVM storage will then available for use.<\/p>\nConclusion<\/h3>\n
The utilization of iSCSI via TCP in addition to Proxmox VE in a virtualization environment presents a compelling solution for organizations looking for cost-effective shared storage architectures. This approach leverages the widespread availability and compatibility of Ethernet-based networks, avoiding the need for specialized hardware such as Fibre Channel, which can be cost-prohibitive for many enterprises.<\/p>\n
However, block-level storage with SAN protocols (FC\/iSCSI\/NVMe-oF) is typically restricted to the VM Disk and Container Image content types supported by Proxmox VE. Additionally, guest VM snapshots and thin provisioning are currently not supported when using LVM\/iSCSI storage in Proxmox VE.<\/p>\n
There are alternatives that NetApp storage can also serve to meet the more complete needs of Proxmox VE. The NAS protocols, such as NFS, support all content types of Proxmox VE and are typically configured once at the datacenter level. Guest VMs can use disks of type raw, qcow2, or VMDK on NAS protocol storage. Furthermore, guest VM snapshots and thin provisioning are supported with the qcow2 format.<\/p>\n
At your convenience, we are available to provide more insights into NetApp storage systems, covering both hardware and software aspects. Our expertise also extends to open-source products, especially in establishing virtualization environments using technologies like Proxmox and OpenShift or in maintaining them with configuration management. We invite you to reach out for any assistance you require.<\/p>\n
You might also be interested in learning how to migrate VMs from VMware ESXi to Proxmox VE<\/a> or how to include the Proxmox Backup Server<\/a> and NetApp Storage and NVMe-oF for Breakthrough Performance in Proxmox Virtualization Environments<\/a> into your infrastructure.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
This article was initially written by Andrew Lee.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Introduction In our previous article, we introduced NetApp Storage and NVMe-oF for Breakthrough Performance in Proxmox Virtualization Environments. That article introduced LVM with NVMe-oF via TCP in NetApp storage with Proxmox VE, highlighting its potential to deliver high-performance storage solution that suitable for latency-sensitive applications like virtualized data servers . And it works over Ethernet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":10858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2052],"tags":[2100,1971,1920],"class_list":["post-8327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-credativ-inside","category-proxmox-en","tag-iscsi","tag-netapp-en","tag-proxmox"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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- \n
- NetApp Storage System<\/strong>: Provides shared storage capabilities essential for clustering in virtual environments via iSCSI. The example uses ONTAP Release 9.15.1.<\/li>\n
- Proxmox VE Cluster<\/strong>: An open source virtualization platform. The example uses the current release 8.2.<\/li>\n
- Network Infrastructure<\/strong>: Standard Ethernet network (1GbE or 10GbE).<\/li>\n
- iSCSI Initiator<\/strong>: Built into Proxmox VE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
What is iSCSI<\/h2>\n
iSCSI (Internet Small Computer Systems Interface) is a network protocol that allows for the transport of block-level storage data over IP (Internet Protocol) networks. The\u00a0protocol\u00a0allows clients (called\u00a0initiators<\/i>) to send SCSI commands over TCP\/IP\u00a0to storage devices (targets<\/i>) on remote servers. It allows for the connection of storage devices over a standard network infrastructure without requiring specialized hardware and cabling.<\/p>\n
It offers a flexible, cost-effective, and scalable storage solution that integrates well with virtualization environments, providing the necessary features and performance to support modern virtualized workloads.<\/p>\n
How iSCSI Works<\/h3>\n
- \n
- Initiator and Target<\/strong>: iSCSI communication involves two main components:\n
- \n
- Initiator<\/strong>: The client-side component, typically a server or host, that initiates the connection to the storage device.<\/li>\n
- Target<\/strong>: The server-side component, typically a storage array or device, that provides access to the storage resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- LUNs (Logical Unit Numbers)<\/strong>: Storage resources on the iSCSI target are presented as LUNs. The initiator accesses these LUNs as if they were local disks, allowing the operating system to format, partition, and use them just like any other block storage device.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Configuration<\/h2>\n
On NetApp Storage<\/h3>\n
The guide presumes that users have already established the foundational storage setup, including the configuration of Storage Virtual Machines (SVMs). It highlights that the administration of these systems is relatively straightforward, thanks to the intuitive web interface – ONTAP System Manager provided by NetApp storage systems. Users can expect a user-friendly experience when managing their storage solutions, as the web interface is designed to simplify complex tasks. This also includes the whole setup for iSCSI storage, which requires to enabling iSCSI<\/em>\u00a0in general on the\u00a0SVM<\/em>, setting up the SAN Initiator group<\/em> and mapping it to LUNs.<\/p>\n
Note<\/strong>: All changes can of course also be performed in an automated way by orchestrating the ONTAP API.<\/em><\/p>\n
Enable iSCSI target on SVM<\/h3>\n
To enable iSCSI at the SVM level on a NetApp storage system, this can typically be done by following these summarized steps, which can be accessed through the system\u2019s web interface ONTAP System Manager.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nNavigate to the Storage<\/em> menu. Then, navigate to Storage VMs.<\/em> Specify the SVM name you wish to configure:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Configure iSCSI Protocol<\/strong>: Within the SVM settings, look for a section or tab related to proto
\ncols. Locate the iSCSI option and enable it. This might involve checking a box or switching a toggle to the \u2018on\u2019 position.<\/li>\n- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After enabling iSCSI, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Remember to check for any prerequisites or additional configuration settings that might be required for iSCSI operation, such as network settings, licensing, or compatible hardware checks. The exact steps may vary slightly depending on the version of ONTAP or the specific NetApp model you are using. Always refer to the latest official NetApp documentation or support resources for the most accurate guidance.<\/p>\n
Create SAN initiator group<\/h3>\n
Navigate to the HOSTS<\/em> menu. Then, navigate toSAN initiator groups.<\/em> Select the specific initiator group name you wish to configure:
<\/p>\n- \n
- Configure Host initiators<\/strong>: On each Proxmox VE nodes, look up \/etc\/iscsi\/initiatorname.iscsi<\/em> file and collect the InitiatorName (iSCSI host IQN). Add the each InitiatorName as host initiators in the initiator group in ONTAP System Manager.<\/li>\n
- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After adding all the initiators, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Create LUNs with initiator group<\/h3>\n
Navigate to the Storage<\/em> menu. Then, navigate to LUNS.<\/em>\u00a0Select and specific LUN name you wish to configure:
<\/p>\n- \n
- Add LUNs<\/strong>: Specify the number of LUNs you want to configure. Set the Host Operating System to Linux. Select the Initiator Group created in the previous step.<\/li>\n
- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After adding LUNs, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Configuring Proxmox VE Node<\/h2>\n
General<\/h3>\n
After configuring the NetApp storage appliance for the creation of the iSCSI Target and LUNs, we can now configure Proxmox VE cluster to use and access the iSCSI storage. This can be easily configured by the Proxmox web interface. In general, this process consists of:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Connecting with the iSCSI Block Storage.<\/li>\n
- Creating an LVM (Logical Volume Manager) which is shareable across nodes on Proxmox VE, however, these instructions are likely to work on both older and newer versions, too.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The next steps in this blog post will cover the process in detail and guide you through the necessary steps on the Proxmox VE which can be done on the Proxmox web interface.<\/p>\n
Connecting With the iSCSI Block Storage<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\nTo use this iSCSI block storage on Proxmox VE cluster, follow the steps to log in to the web frontend of the Proxmox VE cluster, and add the storage at the datacenter level:<\/p>\n
Navigate to the Storage Configuration: Go to Datacenter -> Storage -> Add -> iSCSI.<\/p>\n
Define the New iSCSI Storage Details:<\/p>\n
- \n
- ID: iscsi1 (this can be any text and is jut an identifier).<\/li>\n
- Portal: Enter the IP address of the iSCSI-enabled SVM.<\/li>\n
- Target: This will be detected if you specify the correct IP for the iSCSI-enabled SVM.<\/li>\n
- Nodes: <Select all nodes that should use\u00a0the iSCSI storage><\/li>\n
- Enable: Yes<\/li>\n
- Use LUNs directly: No<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Create LVM on the iSCSI Block Storage<\/h4>\n
To use this LVM Volume Group over iSCSI block storage on all Proxmox VE nodes within the cluster, the Volume Group must be added and integrated at the datacenter level. Follow these steps to configure it through the Proxmox VE web interface:
<\/p>\nNavigate to the Storage Configuration: Go to Datacenter -> Storage -> Add -> LVM.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Define the New LVM Storage Details:<\/p>\n
- \n
- ID: shared_iscsi1 (this can be any text and is just an identifier)<\/li>\n
- Base storage: Existing volume groups<\/li>\n
- Volume group: shared_iscsi1<\/li>\n
- Content: Disk image, Container<\/li>\n
- Nodes: <Select all nodes that should use it><\/li>\n
- Enables: Yes<\/li>\n
- Shared: Yes<\/li>\n
- Wipe Removed Volumes: No<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Press Add<\/strong> to attach the new volume to the selected nodes. The LVM storage will then available for use.<\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/h3>\n
The utilization of iSCSI via TCP in addition to Proxmox VE in a virtualization environment presents a compelling solution for organizations looking for cost-effective shared storage architectures. This approach leverages the widespread availability and compatibility of Ethernet-based networks, avoiding the need for specialized hardware such as Fibre Channel, which can be cost-prohibitive for many enterprises.<\/p>\n
However, block-level storage with SAN protocols (FC\/iSCSI\/NVMe-oF) is typically restricted to the VM Disk and Container Image content types supported by Proxmox VE. Additionally, guest VM snapshots and thin provisioning are currently not supported when using LVM\/iSCSI storage in Proxmox VE.<\/p>\n
There are alternatives that NetApp storage can also serve to meet the more complete needs of Proxmox VE. The NAS protocols, such as NFS, support all content types of Proxmox VE and are typically configured once at the datacenter level. Guest VMs can use disks of type raw, qcow2, or VMDK on NAS protocol storage. Furthermore, guest VM snapshots and thin provisioning are supported with the qcow2 format.<\/p>\n
At your convenience, we are available to provide more insights into NetApp storage systems, covering both hardware and software aspects. Our expertise also extends to open-source products, especially in establishing virtualization environments using technologies like Proxmox and OpenShift or in maintaining them with configuration management. We invite you to reach out for any assistance you require.<\/p>\n
You might also be interested in learning how to migrate VMs from VMware ESXi to Proxmox VE<\/a> or how to include the Proxmox Backup Server<\/a> and NetApp Storage and NVMe-oF for Breakthrough Performance in Proxmox Virtualization Environments<\/a> into your infrastructure.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
This article was initially written by Andrew Lee.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Introduction In our previous article, we introduced NetApp Storage and NVMe-oF for Breakthrough Performance in Proxmox Virtualization Environments. That article introduced LVM with NVMe-oF via TCP in NetApp storage with Proxmox VE, highlighting its potential to deliver high-performance storage solution that suitable for latency-sensitive applications like virtualized data servers . And it works over Ethernet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":10858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2052],"tags":[2100,1971,1920],"class_list":["post-8327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-credativ-inside","category-proxmox-en","tag-iscsi","tag-netapp-en","tag-proxmox"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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- ID: shared_iscsi1 (this can be any text and is just an identifier)
- ID: iscsi1 (this can be any text and is jut an identifier).
- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After adding LUNs, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After adding all the initiators, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
- Save and Apply Changes<\/strong>: After enabling iSCSI, ensure to save the changes. There might be additional prompts or steps to confirm the changes, depending on the specific NetApp system and its version.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
- Target<\/strong>: The server-side component, typically a storage array or device, that provides access to the storage resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Initiator<\/strong>: The client-side component, typically a server or host, that initiates the connection to the storage device.<\/li>\n
- Proxmox VE Cluster<\/strong>: An open source virtualization platform. The example uses the current release 8.2.<\/li>\n